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Biology Research Guide for Graduate Students: Gray Literature

Stack of gray books labeled "gray literature"

Gray literature is typically unpublished or informally published works from the government, research groups, think tanks, and professional associations, and may include all kinds of sources, including:  

  • Technical reports 

  • Standards 

  • Fact sheets 

  • Patents 

  • Government reports 

  • White papers 

  • Technical specifications 

  • Theses & dissertations